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Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1559-1574
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-07
Antarctic Spore-Forming Microorganisms
from Deception Island Inhibit the Growth of Various Bacterial Strains
(Mikroorganisma Pembentuk Spora Antartika dari Pulau Deception Merencat
Pertumbuhan Pelbagai Strain Bakteria)
SHEAU TING, YONG1, CHUI PENG-TEOH1, PARIS
LEONARDO LAVIN2, MARCELO A. GONZÁLEZ3& CLEMENTE MICHAEL
VUI LING WONG1,*
1Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota
Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
2Departamento de Biotecnologia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos
Biologicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, 601 Avenida Angamos, Antofagasta
1270300, Chile
3Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas,
Chile
Diserahkan:
17 April 2023/Diterima: 31 Mei 2024
Abstract
Antarctic microbes have evolved and adapted unique strategies to survive
in the harsh polar environment. Apart from the ability to adapt to the low
nutrient soil content and extremely dry and cold polar environment, a
particular strategy used by Antarctic bacteria is the production of
antimicrobial compounds that can eliminate rivals in the same niche, giving
them a competitive edge over other microbes. In contrast, it is unclear whether
spore-forming microbes possess similar antimicrobial properties as one of their
survival strategies, especially those from the Antarctic volcanic Deception
island in the West Antarctic. Hence, this study aims to isolate and
characterize the spore-forming microbes in Deception Island, Antarctica, as
well as to identify the ones that are equipped with the ability to inhibit
other microorganisms. Microbes were isolated using various growth media and
were segregated into clusters based on their random amplified polymorphic DNA
(RAPD) fingerprints. A total of 90 strains were isolated and clustered into 30
groups at a similarity of 60%. Representative strains from each cluster were
assayed for antimicrobial activities against 13 Gram-positive and Gram-negative
test bacteria comprising human pathogens. Twenty-five strains exhibited the
ability to inhibit at least one test bacterium. The four strains, A60, Im31,
Im32 and Im33 that showed the strongest inhibitory activities were subjected to
16S or 18S rDNA sequencing and analysis to identify them. They were identified
as Pseudogymnoascus, Bacillus, Leohumicola, and Talaromyces spp. The ability of the aforementioned microbes to thrive in harsh
environments and compete with fierce competitors for scarce nutrients is
probably due to their ability to produce antimicrobial compounds that target
and kill their rivals.
Keywords: Bacillus; Leohumicola; maritime
Antarctic; Pseudogymnoascus; Talaromyces
Abstrak
Mikrob Antartika telah melalui evolusi dan dilengkapi dengan beberapa
strategi adaptasi yang unik untuk bertahan hidup dalam persekitaran kutub yang
amat mencabar. Selain daripada keupayaan untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan
persekitaran kutub yang mempunyai kandungan nutrien tanah yang rendah,
persekitaran yang kering dan sejuk melampau, satu strategi yang digunakan oleh
bakteria Antartika ialah dengan penghasilan sebatian antimikrob yang boleh
menghapuskan saingan dalam nic yang sama, memberikan mereka kelebihan daya
saing berbanding mikrob lain. Namun begitu, tidak jelas sama ada mikrob
pembentuk spora mempunyai sifat penghasilan antimikrob yang sama sebagai salah
satu strategi kemandirian hidup mereka terutamanya di pulau gunung berapi
Deception di Antartika Barat. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk memencilkan
dan mencirikan mikrob pembentuk spora dari Pulau Deception, Antartika serta mengenal
pasti mikrob yang dilengkapi dengan keupayaan untuk merencat mikroorganisma
lain. Mikrob telah dipencilkan menggunakan pelbagai media pertumbuhan dan
diasingkan ke dalam kelompok berdasarkan cap jari DNA polimorfik yang
diamplifikasi secara rawak (RAPD). Sebanyak 90 strain telah diasingkan dan
dikelompokkan kepada 30 kumpulan dengan persamaan 60%. Strain perwakilan
daripada setiap kluster telah disaring bagi aktiviti antimikrob terhadap 13
patogen Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif. Dua puluh lima strain menunjukkan
keupayaan untuk merencat sekurang-kurangnya satu bakteria ujian. Empat strain,
A60, Im31, Im32 dan Im33 yang menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan paling ketara
telah dikenal pasti identiti mereka melalui proses penjujukan dan analisis rDNA
16S atau 18S mereka. Mereka adalah Pseudogymnoascus,
Bacillus, Leohumicola dan Talaromyces spp. Keupayaan mikrob tersebut untuk hidup dengan berjaya dalam
persekitaran yang mencabar dan bersaing dengan sengit dengan pencabar untuk
mendapatkan nutrien yang terhad mungkin disebabkan oleh sebatian antimikrob
yang dihasilkan oleh mereka untuk menyasarkan dan membunuh pesaing mereka.
Kata kunci: Bacillus; Leohumicola;
maritim Antarctic; Pseudogymnoascus; Talaromyces
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat, email: michaelw@ums.edu.my
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